HSPA5 and melanoma: The treatment of A375 melanoma cells and 1-LN and DU145 prostate cancer cells with polyclonal antibodies directed against the C-terminus of GRP78 has already been described to induce apoptosis via p53 upregulation, suppression of Ras/MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, and inhibition of NF-κB1 and NF-κB2 activation (40).