CDKN2A and hepatocellular carcinoma: Unbiased molecular approaches such as global gene expression profile (either microarray based or massive RNA sequencing) along with DNA deep analysis (next generation sequencing, NGS) have identified key alterations in HCC involving regulatory pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, loss of Axin1 and Axin2, MAPK, p14ARF/p53, p16INK4A/Rb, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and PTEN/Akt (26–29).