CCL2 and infection: Infection also leads to the release a variety of pro-inflammatory proteins that include IL1β, IL6, IL8, IL15, IL16, the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1)-α and -β, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), IFN-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10), and eotaxin to name a few [64].