Since TGFβ1 has been shown to be associated with BPD and overexpression lung models of TGFβ1 mimic the pulmonary phenotype of BPD as reported by us [17] and others [3,36], our data implicates ANGPT2 as a novel downstream molecule amenable to potential therapeutic modulation in HALI in the NB lung. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.