Synergistic inhibition of lactate production and glucose utilization was noted following drug removal after combination treatment, but before cells begin to die (at 12–48 h), suggesting that the combined effects of β-lap on GAPDH inhibition and both drugs on NAD+ depletion caused long-term inhibition of glycolysis in PDA cells (Figures 4d and e). Here, GAPDH is linked to Patent ductus arteriosus.