AKT1 and neoplasm: The data support previous work from our group showing that induction of eIF2αP in human tumor cells expressing a conditionally active form of PKR resulted in Akt activation as a means to protect cells from death.33, 34 In addition, PERK activation and increased eIF2αP by ER stress resulted in the induction of the PI3K-Akt pathway to promote cell survival.33, 34 However, it is important to emphasize that, in addition to its ability to activate Akt, eIF2αP is also under regulation by activated Akt.