We demonstrate that both CD4 and CD8 cells were a source of perforin in TB-IRIS patients and that increased proportions of iNKT cells are present in PBMC of TB-IRIS patients at the time of IRIS onset, compared with non-IRIS controls, in two analyses (calculating CD3+Vα24+ cells and CD3+Vα24+Vβ11+ cells), both considered to be stringent approaches for quantifying iNKT cells (27). Here, PRF1 is linked to tuberculosis.