Depending on the type of macrophages as M1 or M2, tumor survival and resistance progression might be enhanced.87 As supporting evidence, coincubation with a CCL2–antibody enhanced in vitro cell sensitivity to temozolomide, an oral alkylating agent, whereas recombinant CCL2 activated JNK in human melanoma cells and allowed for survival. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK8 and neoplasm.