VDR and chronic kidney disease: Some polymorphisms tested in this study were reported as being associated with type 1 DM (IL12B rs3212227 [35], IL4R [36, 37], IL13 [37], VDR rs1544410 [38, 39], and VDR rs2228570 [38]), type 2 DM susceptibility (VDR rs2228570 [40], VDR rs1544410 [41]), and phenotype of type 2 DM (VDR rs2228570 [42], VDR rs1544410 [41, 43]). VDR rs2228570 and IL4 polymorphisms were also related to the risk of chronic kidney disease [44, 45].