GCG and atherosclerosis: Since GLP-1 was reported to protect against AGEs-induced apoptotic cell death of ECs in association with increased ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, reduced cytochrome C levels and suppressed caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity [76], GLP-1 might promote re-endothelialization following vascular injury, thereby slowing the development and progression of atherosclerosis.