However, it has been shown that the expression of VEGF-A and bFGF was significantly higher in cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, extravillous trophoblasts, vascular smooth muscle cells, chorionic villous stromal cells and villous vascular endothelial cells of the IUGR placenta when compared with those collected from normal-term pregnancies using semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry [149]. Here, VEGFA is linked to fetal growth restriction.