However, previous studies have also shown that E. coli sequences not related to PDC-E2, BCOADC-E2, or OGDC-E2 are highly homologous to PDC-E2212–226 and some are also cross-reactive targets of antibodies specifically present in patients with PBC, particularly those with recurrent episodes of UTI [10, 15]. This evidence concerns the gene PDC and primary biliary cholangitis.