ARID1A and neoplasm: ARID1A encodes an AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (SWI-like). ARID1A is a tumour suppressor and has been found mutated in HBV associated HCC [24, 47]. FRAT2 encodes a GSK-3-binding protein, and the expression of FRAT2 may be upregulated in tumour progression [25]. MAZ gene encodes a MYC-associated zinc finger protein and the expression of MAZ is significantly increased in HCC [26].