TNF and Dengue hemorrhagic fever: Thus, our data suggests that, during this early acute phase, patients who develop DHF may present a less efficient antiviral innate immune response to DV that may promote an accumulation of huge amounts of circulating NS1 protein (Figure 1), which in turn may affect these correlated innate immune parameters (NO, TNF-α, and TLR4; Figures 3, 5, and 6, resp).