GH1 and endometriosis: Autocrine GH may be particularly mitogenic, since uterine GH expression is upregulated in endometriosis and endometrial adenocarcinoma [155] and the degree of autocrine GH expression in endometrial carcinomas is strongly associated with the degree of tumor aggressiveness (as manifested by uterine invasion and the presence of ovarian metastases) [335]. In vitro studies in an endometrial carcinoma cell line have subsequently revealed that the oncogenic potential of autocrine GH reflects increased anchorage-independent proliferation, cell survival, and cell migration and invasion [336].