The tumour-inhibitory effect of ablating TNFR or MyD88 in radiosensitive leukocytes in InvEE mice was greater than that of TLR-5 ablation (Figs 2a and 3a,d; 0.01<P<0.05; one-way analysis of variance), suggesting that additional components of the immune system that converge on NF-κB may contribute (Fig. 1d). This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF1A and neoplasm.