COPD patients were more likely to be male, to have a greater mean age and duration of diabetes, to use tobacco, insulin injections, or insulin injections plus oral hypoglycemic drugs, hypertension drug treatment, and to suffer from coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, or hypoglycemia (Table 1 ) than other patients. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is atrial fibrillation.