AR and prostate carcinoma: Overall, several conclusions can be made: 1) BPA is a typical xenoestrogen and its estrogenic activity and estrogen-independent activity are likely responsible for its roles in promoting carcinogenesis of multiple cancers (Figure 1); 2) BPA interacts with other steroid receptor such as AR to promote proliferation of prostate cancer cells; and 3) fetal exposure to BPA could lead to “long-lasting” effects on the carcinogenesis of certain organs.