KLK3 and cancer: It is likely that the trade-off between reducing overdiagnosed cancers and missing progressive cancers would further improve as more susceptibility loci are identified5 and as additional information is incorporated into the risk score, such as family history15,16 and baseline PSA level.17 Further studies are needed using empirical data to test the implications of adding information regarding baseline PSA test level and family history to polygenic risk profiling for personalized screening in prostate cancer.