There are 6 regulators in common between the CTRL and COPD groups: FOXK2, HEATR2, EPAS1, PLXNB2, GAK, and YOD1. However, only a small portion of their downstream target genes is shared, with the biological enrichments revealed by these downstream targets are different between the CTRL and COPD groups. This evidence concerns the gene DNAAF5 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.