Genetic or epigenetic alterations of genes involved in these processes, including TP53 [72], RAS [73], CDC25C [74,75], PPP2R4 [74,75], CDKN2B (p15INK4B) [76,77], CDKN2A (p16INK4A) [77], CHEK2 [78] and RB1 [79] have been identified in patients with MDS; they are associated with advanced stages of MDS and leukemic transformation. Here, PTPA is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.