APC and cancer: Upregulation of the Wnt pathway by means of increased Wnt secretion, decreased expression of inhibitors such as APC, sFRP, DKK1, or Wif1, or constitutive activation of β-catenin, induces the activation of downstream target genes like c-Myc, c-Jun, and various other genes important in both cancer development and metastasis (91, 192, 193).