TGFB1 and breast cancer: Akt activity increases in response to TGFβ treatment, which seems to be required for a variety of TGFβ-induced activities, such as cell migration of HER2-expressing breast cancer cells, EMT of normal mammary epithelial cells, cell survival of mouse hippocampal neurons and mesenchymal cells, as well as growth stimulation of certain fibroblasts (74, 75).