HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) such as suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and trichostatin A (TSA) have also been shown to ameliorate SLE disease (e.g., nephritis) in mice (Mishra et al., 2003; Reilly et al., 2008). This evidence concerns the gene HDAC9 and systemic lupus erythematosus.