We hypothesized that the serum concentrations of these two select proteins would be (1) detectable in cord blood in neonates, (2) the levels of UCH-L1 and GFAP would be elevated in the patients with HIE compared with controls, (3) higher in neonates with HIE undergoing hypothermia who had worse brain MRI, and (4) higher HIE patients with a worse developmental outcomes (Bayley-III). This evidence concerns the gene UCHL1 and perinatal asphyxia.