BDNF and depressive symptom measurement: These have included elevated circulating corticosterone levels (Audet and Anisman, 2010; Audet et al., 2011), increased expression of CRH and its receptors (McQuaid et al., 2013), variations of monoamine turnover and levels (Audet and Anisman, 2010), and changes of neurotrophins such as BDNF (Berton et al., 2006; Fanous et al., 2010) in brain areas that subserve stressor appraisal processes as well as depression [prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, amygdala, paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, and nucleus accumbens].