Although Tnfaip3 was ruled out as the candidate gene for the chromosome 10 QTL for age-related retinal degeneration in mice [23], this gene was shown to downregulate adhesion markers, chemokine production, and adventitial angiogenesis, all of which are required for macrophage trafficking to sites of vascular injury in rats [121]. This evidence concerns the gene TNFAIP3 and retinal degeneration.