BRAF and melanoma: Recent efforts to search for molecular drivers of melanoma have identified frequent aberrations in a number of well characterized oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes including: BRAF (50–60% mutated), NRAS (15–20% mutated), AKT3 over expression, CDKN2A (30–70% deleted, mutated, or silenced), PTEN (5–20% deleted or mutated), APAF1 (40% silenced), TP53 (10% lost or mutated) with amplification of genes such as CCND1 and MITF occurring at varying frequencies [37].