While there are no synthetically lethal kinase inhibitors in the clinic, this concept of synthetic lethality has thus far been exploited with the anticipated utility of inhibitors of poly-ADP(ribose) polymerase (PARP) in BRCA1/2 deficient breast cancers [19,20] A third class of kinase targets are expressed in the tumor or in surrounding tissues and are required for different stages of tumor formation and maintenance in the human host. The gene discussed is BRCA1; the disease is breast carcinoma.