Initially, it has been hypothesized that C. pneumoniae may contribute to atherosclerosis through inflammation, as evidenced by an increased production of inflammatory cytokines (IL1-β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) and chemokines found in vascular cells involved in the atherosclerotic process [25,26,27,28,29,30]. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and atherosclerosis.