Because the combined [TIMP-2] × [IGFBP-7] concentration performed poorly on the day of surgery and started to discriminate between patients with and those without AKI risk not prior to, but on, the first postoperative day, the advantage in earlier identification of AKI risk over clinical markers and the value for early anticipation of the immediate risk of AKI [19] remain to be elucidated. This evidence concerns the gene IGFBP7 and acute kidney injury.