Other factors that were associated with an increased risk of CAV include recipient obesity, recipient ischemic cardiomyopathy (vs non-ischemic cardiomyopathy), increased myocardial elastase activity, hepatitis C virus seropositivity, and increased blood levels of homocysteine or von Willebrand factor (38,61-64). This evidence concerns the gene VWF and ischemic cardiomyopathy.