In addition, participants simultaneously in the high CRF and 25(OH)D subgroup (HH) had the lowest prevalence of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR ≥ 1.6) among all combination subgroups (8.6% for HH, 31.6% for HL, 47.4% for LH, 32.4% for LL, p < 0.05). Here, PLOD1 is linked to Insulin resistance.