CCL2 and atherosclerosis: Once modified, oxLDL can play a central role in progression of atherosclerosis by (i) Promoting the recruitment of circulating monocytes into the intimal space via monocyte chemotactic protein-1, MCP-1 [29]; (ii) Inhibiting the movement of resident macrophages to leave the intima [30]; (iii) Accelerating the rate of uptake and accumulation of lipoproteins resulting in the formation of foam cells [5,31,32,33,34]; and (iv) Being cytotoxic to endothelial cells leading to loss of endothelial integrity [32,33,34].