Then activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone pathway leads to extensive splanchnic vasoconstriction.24 Regional hypoxia, acidosis, and epithelial injury are associated with massive intestinal bacterial translocation to stimulate systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).25,26 When it progresses to transmural bowel necrosis, sepsis, and MODS would happen. Here, REN is linked to systemic inflammatory response syndrome.