In the case of rhinovirus infection, the most common cause of asthma exacerbations at any age [26], dsRNA elicits TLR-3–mediated antiviral responses in the bronchial epithelium through the activation of TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) pathway [25], [27]. The gene discussed is TLR3; the disease is asthma.