HIV infection was also associated with higher monocyte CD163 expression for both intermediate CD14++/CD16+ monocytes (79% (2.2) vs 65% (3.5), p = 0.048) and non-classical CD14+/CD16++ monocytes (26% (1.9) vs 19% (2.1), p = 0.017) (Fig. 2B). Here, CD163 is linked to HIV infectious disease.