Interestingly, aberrant βIII-tubulin expression in PDA cells was associated with activation of kRAS (oncogene commonly associated with PDA) and appeared to be progressively upregulated in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanIN) 1 to 3, the precursor lesions of PDA [26]. Here, KRAS is linked to Patent ductus arteriosus.