To correlate the endogenous expression levels of TIP30 with the levels of TGF-β1, we detected the mRNA expressions of TIP30 (Fig. 1D, upper) and the secretion levels of TGF-β1 (Fig. 1D, lower) in 6 ESCC cell lines and normal esophageal mucosa cell line Het-1A. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.