HAMP and myelodysplastic syndrome: Qin et al. worked on heavily transfused MDS and found that the increase of hepcidin was not in synchrony with the increase in serum ferritin levels secondary to blood transfusion when the number of blood transfusions exceeded 24 U. Hepcidin levels showed a negative relationship to serum ferritin, reflecting the decreased ability of hepcidin to inhibit body iron absorption during the increase of blood transfusion, which finally led to iron overload.