NFE2L2 and neoplasm: While NRF2 decreases tumor susceptibility in most carcinogenesis models, constitutive activation of NRF2 may enhance tumor cell proliferation and/or confer drug resistance in lung, pancreatic as well as colorectal cancer cells (Arlt et al. 2013; Bryan et al. 2013; Duong et al. 2014b; Homma et al. 2009; Hong et al. 2010; Lister et al. 2011; Mitsuishi et al. 2012; Niture et al. 2014; Singh et al. 2008; Storr et al. 2013; Yamadori et al. 2012).