TNF and Alzheimer disease: Associations between AD and many inflammatory biomarkers, including IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, IFN-γ, TNF-α, tumor growth factor beta (TGF-β), and C-reactive protein (CRP) have all been well documented [14] (for reviews see [12,14]).