TNF and Parkinson disease: Several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α have been implicated in neuroinflammation in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease [1], Parkinson’s disease (PD) [2], multiple sclerosis [3] and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) [4].