High IFN-I activity score and the tendency to develop anti-ribonucleoprotein (RNP) and anti-dsDNA antibodies appear to be independent risk factors for SLE, since healthy first-degree relatives of SLE patients frequently display elevated IFN-I activity but no detectable ANAs (Niewold et al., 2007). Here, RNPC3 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.