These findings highlight the central role of TLR7 and TLR9 in the induction and modulation of immune responses in SLE, and their association with the IFN-I signature (recently reviewed in Kono et al., 2013; Shrivastav and Niewold, 2013; Crow, 2014). This evidence concerns the gene TLR7 and systemic lupus erythematosus.