Transplanted BM-MNCs (Brenneman et al., 2009) as well as G-CSF (Sehara et al., 2007; Solaroglu et al., 2009; Dietel et al., 2012) exert neuroprotective anti-inflammatory actions after cerebral ischemia in normotensive animals. Here, CSF3 is linked to Cerebral ischemia.