Recently, comparative genomic analysis showed different DNA copy number alterations between EAC and ESCC.[13, 14] Among those, high copy number gains of cancer-associated genes, such as SOX2, PIK3CA, CCND1, and FGFR1, were more frequently observed in ESCC than in EAC, suggesting that genomic gain of these oncogenes may be therapeutic targets for ESCC. This evidence concerns the gene PIK3CA and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.