Fukunaga et al. [44] demonstrated reduced E-cadherin levels in mouse F9 teratocarcinoma cells in which both the β-catenin and the plakoglobin gene had been knocked out at a genomic level, Lyashenko et al. [42] showed reduction of E-cadherin protein levels in β-catenin knockout mESC upon treatment with plakoglobin siRNA while in the publication by Wickline et al. [46] reduction of β-catenin and plakoglobin levels in Hep3B human heptoma cells by siRNA treatment led to reduced E-cadherin protein levels. Here, CDH1 is linked to teratocarcinoma.