More recently a study by Bryan et al. [19], interrogated the expression pattern of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), using ELISA, in urine of 607 patients with initial cystoscopic findings suggestive of primary bladder cancer compared to 53 non-cancer controls to determine its utility in diagnosis and risk stratification of patients. The gene discussed is EPCAM; the disease is urinary bladder cancer.