Having established that BRCA1 regulates FOXA1 methylation and silencing as well as the mechanism involved in human and MMECs, we next examined the association between FOXA1 methylation and expression in vivo in a published methylated DNA immunoprecipitation and gene expression microarray data set derived from familial breast tumour samples collected by kConFab (The Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer, Melbourne, Australia).23 There are 33 patient samples in the cohort, 11 of which are with BRCA1 mutation. This evidence concerns the gene BRCA1 and breast carcinoma.