IL5 and peanut allergic reaction: Similar to the earlier study, following an intragastric peanut challenge, peanut-sensitized mice treated with heat-killed E. coli (HKE) expressing mAra h 1–3, i.e. HKE-mAra h 1–3, delivered by the rectal and subcutaneous route had the lowest symptom scores, a reduced production of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 by the splenocytes and a long-term down-regulation of peanut allergy when compared to placebo-treated mice.